(Photo: Adina)
In Peru, 76.8% of Peruvian workers have an informal job, according to the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI). With this, it is estimated that three out of four workers work in informal conditions; that is, without social benefits and without being able to contribute to the tax system that helps sustain and finance State services that benefit all citizens.
As a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, in 2021 there was a higher informality rate than in 2020, affecting more than 9 million Peruvians in urban areas nationwide.
In addition, the largest number of informal jobs are concentrated in micro and small businesses, where a total of around 8,393,000 people work. In general, these are found in the most relevant sectors for the country's productivity, such as fishing (93%), agriculture (91%), construction (85.2%), commerce (77.6%), manufacturing (64 .2%), services (61.2%), and mining (45.7%).
Given this situation, it is key that, together with the economic reactivation, more formal jobs are generated that allow people to improve their living conditions. For this, it is important to know its benefits and qualities are the factors that currently make it difficult for more Peruvians to formalize.
What are the causes of informality in Peru?
For the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, informality arises when the costs of adhering to the legal and regulatory framework of a country are greater than the benefits that this entails. In other words, the entire formalization process – from the search and reservation of the name, preparation of the Constitutive Act, payment of capital and assets, preparation of the public deed, to registration in the Public Registries and RUC – demands a significant economic investment. and of time. investment. for those who just decide to undertake.
Remaining in the formal sector implies other expenses such as the payment of taxes, compliance with the regulations regarding labor benefits and remuneration of its workers, good business management, among others. However, remaining informal involves risks that limit the company's growth capacity and the quality of life of citizens, according to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism:
• As informal it has a limited number of clients. Many will not be able to work with your company because it is not formal, for example, the State.
• You can be penalized for not meeting the minimum requirements of the law.
• Does not have employment benefits from formal companies, such as insurance and social security.
• Other businesses may use your name and brand, protected by law.
• You cannot access government programs or their hiring processes.
• You cannot be a supplier of the State or of large companies that require formality from their suppliers.
On the other hand, by registering your company with the State you can obtain the following benefits:
• You will have the freedom to expose your brand legally, without problems with the authorities.
• You will be able to grow and employ people who obtain State benefits.
• Being formal also allows you to access financial loans.
• Prevent them from closing your business or confiscating your products.
• Be part of the commercial ecosystem of the country and contribute to the growth of entrepreneurs and businessmen who, like you, seek economic and social stability.
Currently, those who wish to start their formalization process can already enter, via cell phone or computer, the "Create Your Company" platform, where they can achieve formalization in just six steps.
What can we do to reduce informality?
Promoting private investment and the formalization of micro and small businesses is a task for public, private and citizen institutions. It is important to provide information on the formalization processes and the benefits obtained from it.
According to the research document "Employment and Labor Informality" of the Research Center of the Universidad del Pacífico (CIUP), some measures to face informality are:
1) Simplify labor standards.
The current labor legislation is voluminous (136 regulations, 1,400 pages and 2,000 articles) and most of the micro or small companies do not have the capacity to fully comply with it. In this sense, it is necessary to simplify a large number of procedures without affecting the labor rights of workers.
2) Labor control with business support.
It consists of seeking a more proactive approach in the control of informal companies, supervising the sectors that will have a greater probability of becoming formalized and remaining in this modality.
3) Facilitate tax compliance using technology.
This measure seeks to facilitate compliance with tax obligations through simple and dynamic procedures, emphasizing the use of technological tools. In this way, a company could reduce the time it spends to make its income statements, for example.
4) Provide incentives to independent workers to be formal.
The National Registry of Independent Workers (RNTI) should be created, where the workers who belong to it will be able to access the jobs provided by the State, in addition to accessing the benefits of social security, such as health insurance and access to the system financial.
5) Facilitate the exchange of services between the SIS and ESSALUD.
Currently, when a worker is formalized and obtains affiliation to ESSALUD, he loses his affiliation in the SIS and will not be able to return until one year after he ends the relationship with his employer. For this reason, it is also proposed to make this restriction more flexible so that people can have both insurances at the same time.
Reference:
- RPP. (2022, May 31). ¿Cuáles son las causas de la informalidad en el Perú y que podemos a hacer para revertir esta situación? RPP NOTICIAS. Retrieved September 19, 2022 from https://rpp.pe/campanas/valor-compartido/cuales-son-las-causas-de-la-informalidad-en-el-peru-y-que-beneficios-podemos-obtener-al-revertir-esta-situacion-el-pais-que-queremos-noticia-1407959?ref=rpp
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